Hamlet Analytical Essay About Style - 834 Words

Hamlet has style. Hamlet as in the play, not the character, and style not in terms of fashion and knowing how to dress, but as in the combination of different literary elements in order to capture that certain elegance in one’s writing. Shakespeare implements these various literary devices for the purpose of enhancing his writing, typically to emphasize a specific point or to set a certain mood for a scene. In passages that are important in the play there are usually an abundance of these devices. Ones that are more easily detectable and obvious, then there are also ones that are more subtle and sophisticated. Soliloquies are often places where emphasis is needed and thus a majority of the time they are full of literary devices. A†¦show more content†¦But sure that sense /Is apoplexed, for madness would not err, /Nor sense to ecstasy was neer so thralled, /But it reserved some quantity of choice /To serve in such a difference† (3.4.73-8). Hamlet is saying that he knows his mother has sense, but her sense must be disabled right now because even a crazy person would be able to see the difference between Hamlet and Claudius, which is basically saying that Gertrude has less judgment than someone who is insane. â€Å"Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight, /Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all, /Or but a sickly part of one true sense /Could not so mope.† Hamlet is exaggerating again and saying that even a person who only had one of her five senses could have made a better decision than she did. In addition to the repetition and use of hyperbole Shakespeare also alludes to direct us to see certain people in a good or bad way and uses metaphors and similes to describe specific people and to create an image for us. Hamlet is describing his father when he says, â€Å"See, what a grace was seated on this brow? /Hyperion’s curls, the front of Jove himself, /An eye like Mars to threaten and command, /A station like the herald Mercury.† He compares his own father to gods, and claims he had similar features to some of them and possessed skills of others. Hyperion is one of the twelve Titans, Jove is also known as Jupiter, who is king of the gods, Mars is the god of war, and Mercury is the messenger god and also ofShow MoreRelatedI Am Writing At The Spring 2015 Semester Of Mrs. Miller s Engl 112 Dual Enrollment College1577 Words   |  7 PagesGroup. We also had access to Smarthinking, an online tutorial website that was very helpful in developing my work. I have i ncluded here the handouts that I found most helpful in organizing my essays, and the drafts and final revisions for the four projects completed this semester. As I collected the essays for my portfolio, I can clearly now appreciate how Mrs. Miller’s approach to this course really helped to focus multiple rhetorical and research skills. The first project we worked on focusedRead MoreGatsby and Hamlet Essays2219 Words   |  9 PagesExamining Hamlet and The Great Gatsby 1/9/13 According to Roger Lewis, â€Å"The acquisition of money and love are both part of the same dream, the will to return to the quintessential unity that exists only at birth and at death† (41). In both William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the protagonists are willing to sacrifice all that they have in order to achieve their unrealistic objectives and ambitions, resulting in their tragic demises. While thereRead MoreEssay on Dbq Mini Q Renaissance Hq Student Fi2066 Words   |  9 PagesName: How Did the Renaissance Change Mans View of Man? †¢ Overview: The word renai ssance means rebirth or revival. In world history, the Renaissance is used to describe a period in Europe that began around the year 1400 and lasted until about 1700. Thanks in large part to the scientific and cultural advances made during this time , people saw them ­ selves in a new way. The impact of the Renaiss ance was powerful and has endured for centuries. This Mini-Q asks you to explore how this excitingRead MoreBusi 1475 Course Guide 2011-122848 Words   |  12 PagesCourse Content 6 4.1 Session Reading 7 5. Assessment Details 8 5.1 Summary of assessment 8 5.2 Detailed description of assessment 8 6. Other Details 9 1. Welcome ‘Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t.’ Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act II, Scene II It is a well-worn clichà © that the only certainty in these interesting times is uncertainty. Despite the fatigue of aphorisms such as this and many like it, it would be naà ¯ve of any observer of the contemporary business environmentRead MoreBusi 1475 Course Guide 2011-122848 Words   |  12 PagesCourse Content 6 4.1 Session Reading 7 5. Assessment Details 8 5.1 Summary of assessment 8 5.2 Detailed description of assessment 8 6. Other Details 9 1. Welcome ‘Though this be madness, yet there is method in’t.’ Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act II, Scene II It is a well-worn clichà © that the only certainty in these interesting times is uncertainty. Despite the fatigue of aphorisms such as this and many like it, it would be naà ¯ve of any observer of the contemporary business environmentRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesHistory and Class Consciousness Preface THE collection and publication of these essays in book form is not intended to give them a greater importance as a whole than would be due to each individually. For the most part they are attempts, arising out of actual work for the party, to clarify the theoretical problems of the revolutionary movement in the mind ,of the author and his readers. The exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a MethodologyRead More1 TLAW 401 UNIT OUTLINE 2014 s33601 Words   |  15 Pagesconcepts and contemporary issues in corporate law. Have a strong sense of intellectual integrity and the ethics of scholarship 2 Develop skills of corporate legal problem-solving, critical analysis about company law and any limitations and an ability to reflect and make informed judgments about current events and legal issues as they apply to corporate entities. Examine critically, synthesise and evaluate knowledge across a broad range of disciplines. 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The United Nations has designated 2001-2010 as the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children ofRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesAmerican Literature through Time To find out more about a particular literature time period, click on the links below: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Puritan Times Rationalism/Age of Enlightenment American Renaissance/Romanticism Gothic Realism Naturalism Modernism Harlem Renaissance Postmodernism Contemporary Puritan Times period of American Literature - 1650-1750 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · errand into the wilderness be a city upon a hill Christian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narrativesRead MoreTrobriand Islanders-Malinowski and Weiner10855 Words   |  44 Pagespolitics of Europeans looking at Trobriand others, but also a transformation of Trobriand realities. Weiner herself is not unaware of either anthropological or Trobriand history. At several points in her monograph (1976, xvi–xx, 25–33) and in later essays (e.g., 1980, 271–272, 275–276, 280) she alludes to the historical changes affecting both Trobriand and anthropological culture. But such history is often alluded to in order to deny its consequences—in order to stress constancy rather than change

Biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - 1426 Words

Background- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was one of the Classical Eras most prolific and influential composers. Born in Austria, he composed over 600 musical works symphonies, operas, concerti, chamber music and choral pieces. His father, Leopold was a minor composer but experienced teacher and deputy Kapellmeister to the Archbishop of Salzburg. Wolfgang was brilliant from early childhood, and began to compose for the piano by the age of 5, causing his father to give up composition when he realized how much musical talent his son had. From then on, Leopold was Wolfgangs only teacher and, along with music, tutored his children in languages and basic academics. Between 1762 and 1773 Wolfgang and his family travelled through much of Europe; he and his sister Nannerl performing as child prodigies. During the trip, Wolfgang was exposed to a number of different composers; Johann Christian Bach was of particular influence during a 1765 London visit. The trips were quite hard on all t he family because they had to endure poor conditions while they waited for invitations and money from the royals of the time. In 1770, he wrote Mitridate re di Ponto, and then two more operas, Leopold hoping that Wolfgang would get a professional appointment in Italy, but this was not to happen. Between 1773 and 1777 Wolfgang was employed as a court musician by the ruler of Salzburg, during which time he composed five violin concerti and then several piano concerti and other works. As anShow MoreRelatedThe Classical Music Genre1271 Words   |  6 PagesClassical genre is the same, they are just as different as the composers are to one another. Wolfgang Mozart is a very well known composer. He was not only popular in the time period in which he lived, but he continues to be one of the better known composers in today’s society. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. 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Mozart’s musical style can be classified as Classical, althoughRead MoreSummary : Mozart 1016 Words   |  5 PagesJohannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart Lydia Molina Mr. Dresser General Music 27 May, 2015 Mozart Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, known for his string of operas, concertos, symphonies and sonatas, he helped shape classical music as it is today. â€Å"Born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a musician capable of playing many instruments at age six. Over the years, Mozart aligned himself with a variety of EuropeanRead More Life of Mozart Essays2866 Words   |  12 PagesRats and Mozart F.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ending Conclusion III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assessment and Evaluation A. Greatness of a Man B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His Ideals C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mozart and Saleiri D. The Legacy Lives On. Chapter I Mozart’s Prodigious Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without a doubt, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, was probably the greatest genius in Western musical history. His father was a noted composer, pedagogue and author of a famous treatise on violin playing. Together with his sister Nannerl, Wolfgang receivedRead MoreThe Aesthetic Qualities Of A Musical Selection From Space Odyssey1568 Words   |  7 Pagesand hear music. Lastly, I will analyze the aesthetic qualities of a musical selection from Space Odyssey: 2001. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart A prolific artist, Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart created a string of operas, concertos, symphonies, masses and sonatas that profoundly shaped classical music. Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg Austria, to Leopold and Maria Perti Mozart. His father was a successful composer, violinist, and assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg court. 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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart lived during a period of great change in philosophy, art, religion and music. This change was brought about by the transition from the baroque period where the Catholic Church encouraged the arts to depict religious themesRead More Fiction and Untruth in Amadeus by Peter Shaffer Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesFiction and Untruth in Amadeus by Peter Shaffer The play â€Å"Amadeus† by Peter Shaffer was not written in order to be a biography of the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, much more than this, Peter Shaffer wrote it as a story, rather than a history. In his story he was free to insert fiction to make the play more interesting to a wide audience, as well as to fulfill his purposes. However, musicologists and historians have written several articles claiming that Peter Shaffer â€Å"trashed this immortal†Read MoreThe Stage Of The Symphony Orchestra960 Words   |  4 Pagesinstruments and players. 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While it has an excellent recording of the movement, it is not a traditional quartet but a larger ensemble. Along with

Maji Maji Revolt Essay Example For Students

Maji Maji Revolt Essay UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MA IN ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE STUDIES CHS 560: DIPLOMACY WAR AND WARFARE IN EASTERN AFRICA TERM PAPER: MAJI MAJI REBELLION ODHIAMBO PAULINE ADHIAMBO: C50/72182/2008 FEBRUARY 2009 Introduction East Africa today is made up of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania consist of about 636,707 square miles of land surface and roughly 42,207 square miles of water or swamps. Tanzania (Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar in 1964) forms the largest area within this region, with a total, including Zanzibar and Pemba, of 342,170 square miles of land and 20,650 square miles of water or swamp. The country boarders: Kenya to the North, Mozambique and Malawi to the South, Zambia to the South West, Congo, Rwanda and Burundi to the West. It emerges that Tanzania is a land of extreme ethnic diversity. Indeed the north-central part of the country, with its Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu-speaking population, is the most linguistically diverse area on the whole African continent. The rest of Tanzania is entirely Bantu-speaking; in fact ninety-five per cent of present Tanzanians are born into families speaking one or another of a hundred or more Bantu dialects. The Arabs who settled along the coast were assimilated into Swahili with the increased contact between the coast and the interior in the 19th century and fully integrated in the 20th century. The early visitors into Tanzania were mainly the Arabs from Oman, Muscat and other parts of Arabian Peninsula. These early visitors were followed from the beginning of the sixteenth century by the Portuguese who ruled the coast until their defeat by the Omani Arabs in 1698. In the nineteenth century came the Germans and the British. Tanganyika remained under the Germans control until 1919 when she signed the Versailles treaty in France. One of the terms of the treaty was territorial dispossession of Germany. Germany lost all her colonies in Africa and other parts of the world. In Africa her four colonies namely Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togo and South West Africa (Namibia) were handed over as mandated territories to the victorious powers with colonies neighboring them namely, Britain, France and South Africa acting for Britain in the case of South West Africa. Tanganyika was handed over to the British. Germans in East Africa The interest of the Germans to East Africa began with the formation of African societies in Germany by the aristocrats i. e. â€Å"the German Colonial Society† in mid nineteenth century. By 1876, the number of Germans coming to East Africa increased as many societies were formed. In 1884 Karl Peters formed the â€Å"Society for German Colonization† to acquire colonies for Germany. This society was formed as a counter-blast against the German colonial society which was considered by Karl Peters as too inadequate for colonial expansion. Karl Peters left Germany in September 1884 arriving in Zanzibar on November 1884. He then traveled to the interior where he signed treaties with a number of African chiefs in the area of Kilimanjaro in 1884. These treaties were signed with illiterate chiefs in parts of Usagara, Uzigua, Nguru and Ukami launching the German East African Empire. In 1885, Karl Peters returned to Berlin, the Imperial Chancellor, Bismarck, guaranteed the sovereignty of the newly formed German East African Company over its treaty area. The Protectorate was enlarged by Anglo-German agreements in 1886 and 1890, while its western border followed that laid down by the Congo Free States Declaration of Neutrality of 1885. Germany also acquired colonies in Togo, Cameroon, and South- West Africa during this period. In 1886, the Anglo-German Agreement was signed splitting East Africa into German and British Spheres of influence. Germany was apportioned land south of a line from the Umba River to Lake Victoria, but also retained the territory further to the north around Witu. In 1887, Sultan Barghash leased control of the customs at Dar es Salaam and Pangani to the German East African Company. In 1888 Sultan Sayyid Khalifa granted the Company the administration of all the territory between river Umba and River Ruvuma. In 1889, the Imperial German government took over the administration of Tanganyika leaving Karl Peter’s Company only with the monopoly of trade. As the Imperial government took over from the company, resistances broke out in various parts of Tanganyika between 1891 and 1898. This was followed by a period of peace until the Maji Maji war of 1905-7. Maji Maji Uprising The term Maji Maji was taken from the portion magic water sprinkled on every warrior; composed of water, corn, and sorghum seed, it was suppose to make the warriors immune to bullets while committing them to fraternity of freedom fighters. The self confidence it produced was demonstrated when 8,000 warriors, armed only with spears attacked the German fort at Mahenge and tried to capture the defenders machine guns with their bare hands. The Maji Maji revolt was the last and the most widespread resistance to German Colonial rule in Tanganyika today Tanzania. Earlier the German Colonialist had suppressed other revolts such as the Abushiri at the Coast, the Hehe under Mkwawa, the Nyamwezi under Isike and the Chagga in the Kilimanjaro area. By 1900, the Germans had conquered most of Tanganyika and established effective control over the people. At the coast with the collapse of the Arab-Revolt, the Germans negotiated a peace party with the Omani aristocrats who then became the agents of a bureaucratic system of government providing each major coastal town with a liwali (governor) and the hinterland with subordinate administrators called akidas. With the beginning of Maji Maji rebellion, the German position at the coast already rested on this local compromise with Omani aristocracy. The Maji Maji uprising was the most important anti-colonial rising in East Africa between the initial European occupation and the Mau Mau war of 1950s. It covered a large area; most of south- east Tanganyika south of a line from Kilosa to Dar-es-salam-and overcame many problems of scale. It united many separate ethnic communities in a single movement. It was a mass revolt, involving not merely soldiers of traditional armies but the whole people, including women and children, who supplied food to the soldiers, gave them shelter and acted as courier service between them. Maji Maji was also a forward- looking revolt dominated by a new kind of leadership, charismatic and revolutionary religious prophets rather than hereditary and conservative traditional political leaders. Suddenly, in 1900 several communities in the south-eastern Tanganyika rose up in arms against the Germans. These communities included the Zaramo, Matumbi, Ngindo, Pogoro, Mbunga and Bena. Causes of the Rebellion There was massive use of forced labour. The Germans used forced labour to build permanent brick administrative buildings, farmhouses in plantations and to work in German owned plantations. Thousands of people were rounded up for labour at low rates of pay on German plantations and to work under jumbes (headmen) and European controlled District Development Committees. The 1903-4 harvest was so poor that the workers were not paid at all. The Germans also ruled with an iron hand. They imposed a hut-tax which was collected with more force that was not necessary. Taxation forced people to travel to distance places in forests to collect bees wax and rubber, which they could then sell to earn a few coins to pay the tax. This meant neglect of food cultivation. Failure to pay the tax resulted in severe punishment and social humiliation. A man who failed to pay was jailed and flogged in public regardless of his adulthood or his status in the society until a relative paid on his behalf. Furthermore, the cotton Program was particularly unpopular. The Germans governor Graft Von Gotzen decided as an experiment to introduce a scheme, devised for the German West Africa colony of Togo, by which African cultivators would be induced to grow cotton as a Volkskultur, a people’s crop. This decision was in response to the need for the German colony to be ndependent in its administrative budget, as well as that of establishing an independent German source of raw materials in East Africa. Despite much official opposition, he believed that ‘individuals’ cultivators could not grow cotton successfully. He therefore ordered that a plot be established at the headquarters of each headman in the experimental area, on which each of the headman adult male subjects would work for some twenty- eight days in a year. But the proceeds did not go to the workers. The scheme was a great disastrous failure as the profit was much smaller than anticipated. The sums paid to the workers, thirty-five cents was so small that some like the Zaramo refused to take it. This African response was not against growing cotton as such, which they had willing started growing as a cash crop. It was a reaction against this scheme, which exploited their labor and threatened the African economy by forcing them to leave their own farms to work on public ones. The work required considerable growing- time, picking, and protection from vermin, especially birds and wild pigs soon far exceeded the amount planned and seriously interfered with subsistence farming. Work on the plantation was enforced by sheer brutal force, thus creating strong incentives for a revolt in the cotton growing areas. Cotton became a grievance which united precisely those people who rebelled when the 1905 picking season began. Several rebel leaders were headmen who had suffered from the scheme, and one of the first rebel actions in the area was to burn cotton fields. This factor sufficiently explains the outbreak of the violence. The activities of the German Christian missionaries also led to the uprising. The burned the sacred huts of traditional priests on the grounds that they were heavens of witchcraft. The Ngindo were particularly incensed by the abuse of their women by mercenary soldiers in the German army. The German mercenaries and houseboys slept with their wives in circumstances which were a flagrant affront to Ngindo husbands. Adultery in Ngindo was punishable by war against the offenders. This was because the process of getting a wife, according to Ngindo customs was long and tedious. War against the Germans became inevitable. The government appointed akidas or government agents to collect taxes, try cases and mete out punishment. The men selected were usually from another area and were frequently Muslims who had no sympathy for local traditions, and often used their authority for personal extortion. This led to constant grumbling of discontent over the activities of akidas. Under them also a number of village headmen were appointed as jumbes, with authority to represent the government which often undermined their local reputation. The Wamatumbi were against the presence of the Arabs, Swahili akidas and Jumbes in their area whom the Germans imposed on them. Vehicle Pollution Sample EssayThe Maji Maji movement also successfully united the peoples within the area of the rising. However it failed to spread to a wider area than the Rufiji river basin. Some of the leaders who did not die during the fighting or due famine were arrested by the Germans and executed. The failure of the revolt caused ill-feelings among the people and created keener tribal differences that lingered throughout the first half of the 20th Century. After 1906, many people in German East Africa abandoned their earlier methods of dealing with German rulers. Instead of seeking to restrict the European impact on their societies, or to use the Germans as a means to improve their personal or group positions within an existing framework of inter-African relations, many sought to obtain an improved position within the European-dominated system by acquiring the necessary European skills and using them to reorganize their societies. The German administration introduced a number of reforms. The new governor, Rechenberg, (1906-12) was determined to promote African health ad education, paying particular attention to scientific advance in tropical agriculture to benefit African cultivators. He encouraged African to practice cash-crop farming, allowed Africans to choose not to work for German settlers, and punished settlers who mistreated African workers. He also replaced a number of traditional chiefs by western educated young men from mission schools. This resulted in the setting up of several institutions including the world famous Amani Biological and Agricultural Institute in Usambara, on which the Government granted a subsidy of ? 10,000 a year. The revolt led to the formation of a commission to investigate charges of misgovernment. Its exposure of cruelties aroused indignation in Germany, and offenders were sharply punished. The example was salutary for future German administration, which was placed under a separate colonial department. One of the most important reforms was the insistence that labor contracts be put in written form. Because the commissioners were appointed to control labor recruiting and act as negotiators between employers and workers, some of the abuses in labor relations were removed. In general however the German rule improved as German administrators and settlers were now dominated by fear of another Maji Maji. The most positive result of the Rising, however, was that the people learnt two lessons from its failure; the importance of unity against a common enemy if freedom were to be attained, and the futility of resorting to armed resistance against a colonial power possessing vast military capacity. This is one reason why the people of Tanganyika later resorted to constitutional protest in their struggle for independence after World War 11. Economic development was also seen in the field of communications, illustrating further, greater commitment on the part of the Germans. The Government built and owned one of the two railways in the country, although it was operated by a private company. In addition, regular steamship service between Germany and her East African colonies was assured by an annual subsidy of ? 67,000 to the German East African shipping line. After the Maji Maji Rising, educated Africans in Tanganyika turned to self-improvement and constitutional protest, which led to TANU and eventually independence. Why the Maji Maji uprising failed The Germans had modern weapons like machine guns and howitzers unlike their Africans counterparts who were armed with traditional weapons such as spears, bows and arrows or slow-firing muzzle loading musket. For example the Matumbi had 8,000 guns but nearly all of them were old fashioned, their arrows inflicted more casualties while spears proved next to useless. The Industrial Revolution in Europe ensured that by 1880 European armament were vastly superior to those of Africans. As one English poet, Hilaire Belloc remarked; ‘Whatever happens we have got The Maxim gun and they have not’ The Maji Maji soldiers had no military unity and no single military strategy. They did not have a single leader to co-ordinate their military operations except the Ngoni, each community had its own fighting force under a tribal leader who did not as a rule co-ordinate military operations. The unity of the movement was a religious unity rather than practical military organization. President Nyerere in his paper Socialism and Rural Development argued that ignorance and disunity were indeed the problems of pre-colonial Tanzania which eventually led to their defeat by the Germans. Further, Large powerful communities like the Hehe and Nyamwezi did not join the rising. Some African groups like the Hehe supported and fought on the Germans side because their traditional enemies the Ngoni, Pogoro, Mbunga and Sagara had joined the Rising. Chief Kiwanga of Mahenge joined the Germans in 1905 in gratitude for their help against Mkwawa in 1890s. Like wise the scorched-earth policy applied by the Germans burnt crops, destroyed livestock and other properties. This weakened and starved the Africans. The organization of the war had revolved around the power of the maji, which in turn depended on religious faith. But in the circumstances of this war , which started in 1905 and ended in 1907, faith alone exhibited serious shortcoming as was evidenced by German fire power, and the revolt was ruthlessly suppressed. Significance of the Rebellion The significance of the movement lay primarily in its attempt to enlarge political scale. Maji Maji was quite different from the earlier resistances which the Germans had faced when occupying Tanganyika, for that had been local and professional-soldiers against each other, whereas Maji Maji affected almost everyone in the colony. Not only did it involve those within the rebel area who would normally have been non-combatants, but its impact was felt on the furthest boarders of the country. It was a great crisis of commitment and in subsequent year’s men had to bear the consequences of the stands which they had taken. In long term, the movement may have provided an experience of united mass action to which later political leaders could appeal. In short term, it undoubtedly increased local disunity, for not all the people in the rebel area had joined, and even those who had been seldom unanimous. Maji Maji was an assertion that the African element remained a fundamental factor in the affairs of the German colony. For Europeans, it compelled a total rethinking of the future of the colony. Just as the coastal resistance of 1888 had obliged the German government to abandon company rule and assume direct responsibility to commit itself more deeply than it had previously contemplated, so Maji Maji compelled a greatly increased German involvement in terms of political energy. In Tanzania since independence monuments have been built at important Maji Maji sites. In 1965, monument at Mikukuyumbu where Cassian Spiss and his party were murdered was enlarged. In Songea the then Regional Commissioner of Ruvuma, Martin Haule initiated the building of a beautiful monument in the area where the Maji Maji warriors were believed to have been buried. In October 1967, TANU Conference in Mwanza, delegates was asked to observe silence to remember those who died in the Maji Maji movement. There is no doubt therefore that the rising is important in the History of Tanzania. Conclusion Maji Maji uprising was the first large-scale movement of resistance to colonial rule in East Africa. In the words of John Iliffe it was ‘a final attempt by Tanganyika’s old societies to destroy the colonial order by force’, and it was truly a mass movement of peasants against colonial exploitation. It shook the German regime in Tanganyika; their response was not just the suppression of the movement but also the abandonment of the communal cotton scheme. There were also some reforms in the colonial structure, especially with regard to the recruitment and use of labor, which were designed to make colonialism acceptable to Africans. But the rebellion failed and this failure did not indeed make ‘the passing of the old societies inevitable’. The Maji Maji uprising was primarily based on traditional methods of warfare and its leadership selected according to traditional standards, was strengthened by the medicine at Ngalambe. The effect of the Maji Maji was universalization of leadership. In other words local leaders from different parts were brought together and worked together for a common end; expulsion of all Europeans. When the people went to fight they went under their local leaders who it was believed had been strengthened by the medicines of Kinjikitile. In other words the effects of Maji Maji were psychological, and in practical warfare traditional methods remained. The difference lay in the collective application of such methods against the Germans. Maji Maji is regarded as one of the beginnings of the struggle for lost independence. In other words it was as any other resistance part of the dynamics of the process towards Uhuru. President Nyerere was the first to put this argument before an International body, United Nations where he used it as an argument for independence in Tanzania and at the same time warned that the new nationalistic movement TANU would assimilate the ideas, not the practical techniques of the Maji Maji movement. The British Government which called Nyerere’s speech a â€Å"travesty, of history† admitted that Maji Maji was â€Å"a bid for freedom against oppression†. References 1. Iliffe John, Tanganyika under German Rule 1905-1912, Cambridge University Press, 1969. 2. Kimambo I. N. and Temu A. J. (Eds), A History of Tanzania, East African Publishing House, 1969. 3. Hatch John, Tanzania, Pall Mall Press, London. 1972. 4. Tidy Michael and Leeming Donald, A History of Africa 1840-1919, Volume Two, October 1979. 5. Boahen A. Adu, General History of Africa V11. Africa under Colonial Domination 1880-1935, Heinemann Kenya, UNESCO 1990. 6. Okoth Assa. Essays on Advanced Level History. Africa: 1885/1914, Heinemann Educational Books (E. A) Ltd, 1985. G. L. Steers, The Judgement on German Africa (London, 1939), p. 249 G. C. K. Gwassa and John Iliffe (Eds. ). Records of the Maji Maji Rising, Part 1 (Nairobi, East African Publishing House, 1968). Ibid pp. 27-28 Michael Tidy and Donald Leeming, A History of Africa 1840-1914. Volume 1. pp. 13 Julius K. Nyerere, Freedom and Unity (London, Oxford University Press 1966), 40-41